How to Reduce Time to First Byte
To reduce TTFB: (1) deploy a CDN (Cloudflare/Fastly) — edge caching for static assets; (2) enable server-level cache (Redis/Memcached for DB queries); (3) optimise slow SQL queries via EXPLAIN; (4) enable HTTP/2 and TLS 1.3. Target TTFB — < 200 ms.
Step-by-step guide
- Measure current TTFB. Via PageSpeed checker or Chrome DevTools → Network → pick HTML request → Timing.
- Enable CDN. Cloudflare (free) or Fastly — caches static assets on 300+ edge servers. Reduces TTFB by 30-70%.
- Server-side caching. For dynamic pages: Redis/Memcached for SQL results. Nginx fastcgi_cache for HTML.
- Optimise SQL. EXPLAIN on slow queries. Add indexes. Kill N+1 queries via eager loading.
- Database tuning. Ensure DB is on different disks than the web server. Minimum — SSD.
- HTTP/2 and TLS 1.3. Multiplexing + 1-RTT handshake save 100-300 ms.
- Geographic distribution. If your audience is global — use multi-region hosting + DNS load balancer.
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LCP (rendering), FID (interactivity), CLS (visual stability) — key Google metrics.
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Breakdown by type: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, fonts. Size, request count, blocking resources.
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Specific recommendations with savings estimates: image compression, caching, minification, etc.
Mobile vs Desktop
- Tested on Moto G Power emulation (slow CPU)
- Network: 4G (1.6 Mbps, 150ms RTT)
- Stricter speed scoring
- Google indexes mobile-first
- Priority for SEO optimization
- High CPU performance
- Fast connection without throttling
- Scores typically 20-40 points higher
- Important for B2B and corporate sites
- Use for baseline comparisons
Who uses this
SEO
Core Web Vitals for rankings
Developers
performance optimization
Marketers
speed = conversions
DevOps
performance regression
Common Mistakes
async/defer block rendering. Move to end or add attribute.Cache-Control, the browser reloads CSS/JS on every visit.Best Practices
loading="lazy" for images below the fold.brotli on;Cache-Control: max-age=31536000, immutable. HTML: max-age=0, s-maxage=60.<link rel="preload"> for fonts and CSS. Reduces LCP by 200-500ms.Get more with a free account
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