Articles & Guides
Useful resources for web developers and system administrators
HTTP
Cloudflare Error 530 and 520–526: What Each Code Means
Cloudflare 520-530 errors decoded: 521 refused, 522 timeout, 524 slow origin, 525/526 TLS, 530 with a 1xxx error like 1016 origin DNS.
Security
How to Check If Your Password Leaked Without Handing It Over
Why a leaked password beats a weak one, how the k-anonymity check works, why only five hash characters are sent, and what to do when it is found.
Security
Passphrase vs Password: How Many Words and How to Pick
How passphrase strength is calculated, why five words give 65 bits, where a phrase beats an ordinary password and where it loses. Diceware explained plainly.
Security
How to Create a Strong Password: Why Inventing One Fails
Why a human-invented password is nearly always predictable, what entropy means, why length beats symbols, and how to get a genuinely random password.
Security
How to Store Passwords Safely: Six Methods and Weak Points
Memory, paper, notes, the browser, a spreadsheet, a password manager — what each protects against and what has to happen for the password to leak.
Security
How Often to Change Your Password: the 90-Day Rule Is Gone
NIST removed scheduled password expiry in 2017. Why the calendar makes passwords more predictable, when a change is genuinely required, and what helps more.
Security
Where Is My Password Manager? Chrome, iPhone, Android, Edge
Find saved passwords: chrome://password-manager in Chrome, about:logins in Firefox, Settings, Passwords on iPhone, Google Password Manager on Android.
SEO
UTM Parameters: The 5 Tags, Templates, GA4 and Google Ads Setup
UTM parameters explained: the 5 tags, templates by channel, GA4 channel mapping, Google Ads gclid vs UTM, Meta URL parameters and mistakes that break reports.
Infrastructure
What Is Web Hosting: How It Works, Types, Cost and Examples
What is web hosting: a rented server that stores and serves your site. How it works step by step, hosting vs domain, WordPress hosting, costs and how to check.
SSL/TLS
HTTPS Not Working: Local vs Server Causes and How to Fix
HTTPS not working? Check if it fails only for you (clock, antivirus, proxy) or for everyone (certificate, chain, port 443, redirects), then fix it.